The Effect of Overweight on Gross Motor Development in Early Childhood
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/aulad.v8i2.1088Keywords:
Overweight, Gross motor development, Early childhood, Correlation, Physical activityAbstract
Overweight in children is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for developmental delay, particularly in gross motor skills. This study investigated the correlation between obesity and gross motor development in 5–6-year-old children using a quantitative correlational approach. Data were collected from 15 children selected through purposive sampling of two kindergartens in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. Gross motor development was assessed using an observational checklist adapted from the Denver II scale. The analysis revealed a very strong positive correlation between overweight and gross motor skill impairment (Pearson r = 0.911, p< 0.001). Regression analysis further confirmed that overweight significantly predicted gross motor developmental delay (F = 14.849, p < 0.001). This finding suggests that overweight significantly impairs children's physical mobility. This study contributes current local data to the growing global concern about pediatric obesity and its developmental consequences. Practical implications include the need for integrated school-based interventions and awareness programs for parents to reduce overweight-related motor deficits in children aged religious
Downloads
References
Adolph, K. E., & Hoch, J. E. (2019). Motor development: Embodied, embedded, enculturated, and enabling. Annual Review of Psychology, 70, 141–164. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102836
Agustina, L., T. Maas, L., & Zulfendri, Z. (2019). Analisis faktor perilaku berisiko terhadap kejadian obesitas pada anak usia 9-12 tahun di SD Harapan 1 Medan. Jurnal Endurance, 4(2), 371. https://doi.org/10.22216/jen.v4i2.4051
Aliriad, H., Da, M., Adi, S., & Apriyanto, R. (2023). Strategi peningkatan motorik untuk menstimulus motorik anak usia dini melalui pendekatan aktivitas luar ruangan. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(4), 4609–4623. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i4.4149
Arhandika, D. (2022). Kajian bahaya obesitas di masa pandemi COVID-19 dan cara melawan obesitas berdasarkan perspektif Islam: Systematic literature review.
Arimbawa, I. M. (2019). Prevalensi dan karakteristik obesitas pada anak di sekolah dasar Saraswati V Kota Denpasar Tahun 2016. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, 10(2), 342–346. https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v10i2.393
Azwar, S. (2009). Metode penelitian. Pustaka Belajar.
Batara, D., Bodhi, W., & Kepel, B. J. (2016). Hubungan obesitas dengan tekanan darah dan aktivitas fisik pada remaja di Kota Bitung. Jurnal E-Biomedik, 4(1), 0–5. https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.4.1.2016.10842
Chen, J., Bai, Y., & Ni, W. (2024). Reasons and promotion strategies of physical activity constraints in obese/overweight children and adolescents. Sports Medicine and Health Science, 6(1), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.004
Syafitri, D., Berawi, K. N., & Irfan, A. A. (2020). Aktivitas fisik rutin sebagai modulator sensitivitas insulin pada obesitas. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 32(2), 58–65.
Diyono, D. (2019). Hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dengan motorik kasar pada anak usia 8–10 tahun. Jurnal Fisioterapi Dan Rehabilitasi, 3(2), 34–40. https://doi.org/10.33660/jfrwhs.v3i2.73
Hermilasari, R. D. (2021). Faktor-faktor preventif obesitas pada anak: Review. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 69–77.
Honea, K. E., Wilson, K. S., Fisher, K. L., & Rubin, D. A. (2023). Parental and familial factors related to participation in a home-based physical activity intervention in children with obesity or Prader-Willi syndrome. Obesity Pillars, 8(August), 100084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obpill.2023.100084
Indanah, I., Sukesih, S., & Fairuzza, K. (2021). Obesitas pada balita. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 12(2), 242–248.
Irawan, A. M. A., Umami, Z., Yusuf, A. M., & Harna, H. (2020a). Aktivitas fisik, durasi tidur dan tingkat kecukupan energi pada anak obesitas di SD Islam Al Azhar 1. Jurnal Al-Azhar Indonesia Seri Sains dan Teknologi, 5(4), 186. https://doi.org/10.36722/sst.v5i4.424
Irawan, A. M. A., Umami, Z., Yusuf, A. M., & Harna, H. (2020b). Aktivitas fisik, durasi tidur dan tingkat kecukupan energi pada anak obesitas di SD Islam Al Azhar 1. Jurnal Al-Azhar Indonesia Seri Sains dan Teknologi, 5(4), 186.
Irdianty, M. S., & Sani, F. N. (2018). Perbedaan aktivitas fisik dan konsumsi camilan pada remaja obesitas di Kabupaten Bantul. Jurnal Kesehatan Kusuma Husada, 91–97. https://doi.org/10.34035/jk.v9i1.265
Kuswanto, C. W., Hadiati, E., Marningsih, R., Islam, P., Usia, A., Islam, U., Raden, N., Lampung, I., Kasar, M., & Dini, A. U. (2023). Challenge Board: Sebuah permainan untuk mengembangkan motorik kasar. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 8(2), 210–217.
Fajzrina, L. N. W. (2022). Analisis dampak obesitas terhadap perkembangan fisik motorik anak usia 5 tahun. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 62–74.
Lestari, S., & Solikah, S. N. (2020). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan obesitas pada anak usia 6-12 tahun di SD Mojosongo V Surakarta. Jurnal Keperawatan Intan Husada, 5(1), 33–51.
Siregar, M. R., Juwita, D. A. (2023). Peningkatan pembelajaran gerak motorik kasar terhadap kemampuan lari jarak pendek 60 meter untuk anak kelas VB. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 4(1), 66–69.
Mansker, B. L., Schwartzkopf, K., Velez, J. A., Perkins, A. J., & Naramore, S. K. (2023). Physical and psychosocial determinants of quality of life in children with obesity. Obesity Pillars, 7(July), 100081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obpill.2023.100081
Maria, W., Barros, A., Gomes, K., Karlize, R., Silva, P., Patr, A., Rodrigues, M., Silva, M., & Janua, A. B. (2022). Effects of overweight/obesity on motor performance in children: A systematic review. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12(August 2021), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.759165
Maulida, A., Sari, Ernalia, Y., & Bebasari, E. (2017). Hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian obesitas pada siswa SMPN di Pekanbaru. Artikel Penelitian, 4(1), 1–8.
Ni, J., Winner, M., Pramita, I., Wahyudi, A. T., Fisioterapi, P. S., & Pura, U. D. (2023). Relationship of obesity and gross motor skill in children aged 6-10 years in Tulangampiang Denpasar Elementary School Program Studi Fisioterapi , Universitas Dhyana Pura , Bali , Indonesia. Jurnal Kesehatan Sains, 02(01), 211–218.
Nurcahyo, F. A. (2011). Kaitan antara obesitas dan aktivitas fisik. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 87–96.
Nurwanti, E., Hadi, H., & Julia, M. (2016). Paparan iklan junk food dan pola konsumsi junk food sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya obesitas pada anak sekolah dasar kota dan desa di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia, 1(2), 59. https://doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2013.1(2).59-70
Okfiani, L., Ambarwati, R., & Susiloretni, K. A. (2022). Aktivitas, konsumsi makanan, faktor fisiologis, dan riwayat obesitas keluarga kaitannya dengan obesitas pada prgawai: Studi kasus-kontrol. Amerta Nutrition, 6(3), 245–255. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v6i3.2022.245-255
Oktavia, S. N. (2021). Analisis faktor penyebab terjadinya nyeri lutut pada remaja penderita obesitas.
Pearce, A., Scalzi, D., Lynch, J., & Smithers, L. G. (2016). Early childhood research quarterly do thin, overweight and obese children have poorer development than their healthy-weight peers at the start of school? Findings from a South Australian data linkage study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 35, 85–94.
Permanasari, Y., & Aditianti, A. (2018). Konsumsi makanan tinggi kalori dan lemak tetapi rendah serat dan aktivitas fisik kaitannya dengan kegemukan pada anak usia 5 – 18 tahun di Indonesia. Penelitian Gizi Dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research), 40(2), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.22435/pgm.v40i2.7742.95-104
Zahari, Q. F., Prashanti, N. A. S., Salsabella, S., Jumiatmoko, J., Hafidah, R., & Nur, E. N. (2021). Obesitas pada anak. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(4), 2844–2851. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i4.1570
Ramadhani, S., Mundiastuti, L., & Mahmudiono, T. (2018). Aktivitas fisik saat istirahat, intensitas penggunaan smartphone, dan kejadian obesitas pada anak SD full day school (Studi di SD Al Muslim Sidoarjo). Amerta Nutrition, 2(4), 325. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v2i4.2018.325-331
Suryadinata, R. V., & Susilawati, D. A. (2019). Pengaruh aktivitas fisik terhadap risiko obesitas pada usia dewasa. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat, 14(1), 104–114. https://doi.org/10.20473/ijph.vl14il.2019.104-114
Saprudin, A., Amalia, I. S., & Ropii, A. (2023). Analisis faktor determinan kejadian obesitas pada remaja di Kabupaten Kuningan. Journal of Public Health Innovation, 4(01), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.34305/jphi.v4i01.961
Saripudin, A. (2019). Analisis tumbuh kembang anak ditinjau dari aspek perkembangan motorik kasar anak usia dini. Equalita: Jurnal Pusat Studi Gender dan Anak, 1(1), 114. https://doi.org/10.24235/equalita.v1i1.5161
Sartika, R. A. D. (2011). Faktor risiko obesitas pada anak 5-15 tahun. Makara Kesehatan, 1(1), 37–43. https://www.academia.edu/17631598/FAKTOR_RISIKO_OBESITAS_PADA_ANAK_5-15_TAHUN
Sebert, S. (2024). National-level and state-level prevalence of overweight and obesity among children, adolescents, and adults in the USA, 1990–2021, and forecasts up to 2050. The Lancet, 1–21.
Mugianti, S., Setijaningsih, T., & Fitriani, K. (2018). Perkembangan motorik balita obesitas usia 3-5 tahun. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 1–10.
Srinag, L., Maruthy, K. N., Kareem, S. K., Kumar, A. V. S., Kumar, K., & Preetham, J. (2020). Impact of overweight on cognition and psychomotor skills among children with overweight. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 18(January), 1–5.
Arikunto, S. (2002). Prosedur penelitian suatu pendekatan praktek (1st ed.). PT Rineka Cipta.
Syafitri, R. D., Rahmanto, S., & Yulianti, A. (2023). Aktivitas fisik baik dengan risiko kejadian low back pain pada lansia yang obesitas. Kepo: Jurnal Keperawatan Profesional, 4(1), 18–26. https://salnesia.id/kepo/article/view/571/215
Tanjung, S. H., & Novitri, D. M. (2024). Aktifitas intervensi motorik terhadap pengembangan keterampilan motorik kasar pada anak usia dini. Jurnal Anak Usia Dini, 100–106.
Warsid, A., Arifin, H., & Jehaman, T. (2023). Gambaran pengetahuan dan konsep diri remaja berkaitan dengan obesitas. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 6(6), 854–861.
Widiyanti, D. (2018). Upaya peningkatan keterampilan motorik kasar melalui tari. Al Fitrah: Journal Of Early Childhood Islamic Education, 1(2), 73. https://doi.org/10.29300/alfitrah.v1i2.1335
Zahari, Q. F., & Salsabella, S. (2022). Kemampuan fisik motorik anak usia dini dengan masalah obesitas. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(4), 2844–2851. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i4.1570
Downloads
Published
Check Article Index
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Luluk Laelatul Muniroh, Cahniyo Wijaya Kuswanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the works authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journals published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
